Mirjam de Bruijn wrote a chapter for The Routledge Companion to Digital Ethnography, edited by Larissa Hjorth, Heather Horst, Anne Galloway, and Genevieve Bell (New York: Routledge, 2017): ‘Mediated Political Agency in Contested Africa’.

From the Introduction of the chapter:

“This chapter scrutinizes the role of small media, Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) such as mobile phones, tablets, and smartphones (Spitulnik 1999) in recent political developments in Africa, as is exemplified by the (youth) movements such as “Y’en marre” in Senegal, “Balai Citoyen” in Burkino Faso, and “Trop c’est Trop” in Chad. It seems that a new political agency (Chabal 2009) is emerging that can be understood in relation to the increase in use of small media (see e.g. Rheingold 2002; Postill 2012; Jeffrey and Doron 2013). Small media influence communication in networks and the flows of information, leading to actions that inform political change and the appearance of movements.”